Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Wednes-Day 2
Bio - The following objectives are modified or answered below; print them out and hand them in with your hw. For the modified objectives, write your own answers.:
24. list examples of pioneer organisms and climax communities in Northern NY.
A typical succession in New York State: lichens and algae and then the annual grasses represent the pioneer or first organisms in this succession. The beech-maple forest would represent a typical Northern New York climax community. The climax community will last hundreds or thousands of years unless again disrupted. A forest containing oak and/or hickory trees would be a more typical Southern New York climax community.
Each step in a succession involves organisms that change the composition of the environment making it more suitable for the next succession of organisms that are well adapted to and become plentiful in the new environment.
27. Skip this one, you already know what succession is.
30. explain the competitive exclusion principle and list an example of this.
the competitive exclusion principle is a general rule that results from competition between species: the more similar the niches of two species, the more they will compete because they will consume mostly the same resources- this may lead to the extinction/exclusion of the less well adapted species because it is out-competed for the resources needed for survival. The alternative is that the out-competed species seeks a new habitat/different niche as a survival strategy.
36. monoculture is a general term for monocropping, which we discussed in the notes.
Human Impacts:
6. This is just a good example of how eliminating a natural predator can have negative effects on an ecosystem:
Before 1905, the deer on the Kaibab Plateau were estimated to number about 4000. The average carrying capacity of the range was then estimated to be about 30,000 deer. On November 28th, 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve to protect the "finest deer herd in America."
Unfortunately, by this time the Kaibab forest area had already been overgrazed by sheep, cattle, and horses. Most of the tall grasses had been eliminated. The first step to protect the deer was to ban all hunting. In addition, in 1907, The Forest Service tried to exterminate the predators of the deer. Between 1907 and 1939, 816 mountain lions, 20 wolves, 7388 coyotes and more than 500 bobcats were killed.
Signs that the deer population was out of control began to appear as early as 1920 - the range was beginning to deteriorate rapidly. The Forest Service reduced the number of livestock grazing permits. By 1923, the deer were reported to be on the verge of starvation and the range conditions were described as "deplorable."
The Kaibab Deer Investigating Committee recommended that all livestock not owned by local residents be removed immediately from the range and that the number of deer be cut in half as quickly as possible. Hunting was reopened, and during the fall of 1924, 675 deer were killed by hunters. However, these deer represented only one-tenth the number of deer that had been born that spring. Over the next two winters, it is estimated that 60,000 deer starved to death.
Today, the Arizona Game Commission carefully manages the Kaibab area with regulations geared to specific local needs. Hunting permits are issued to keep the deer in balance with their range. Predators are protected to help keep herds in balance with food supplies. Tragic winter losses can be checked by keeping the number of deer near the carrying capacity of the range.
12. just give examples of ANY exotic species in ANY part of the world, though the gypsy moth caterpillar has caused consideral damage to forests in NY.
27. State Environmental Quality Review, SEQR requires the approving governmental body to identify and mitigate the significant environmental impacts of any industrial or development activity it is proposing or permitting. Typically, the business and/or the government must do research and experimentation to develop an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/document about the consequences to the environment of the activity proposed.
29. You don't have to write seven different variations, two will be sufficient.
Check Blackboard for review book answer keys and many unit worksheets complete with answer keys! There area also three practice tests with answers posted!
Discussed some of the positive impacts that human societies have caused on ecosystems via ecological education and awareness, conservation of resources, nature preserves, anti-pollution laws, population checks, and more ecologically sound energy sources.
24. list examples of pioneer organisms and climax communities in Northern NY.
A typical succession in New York State: lichens and algae and then the annual grasses represent the pioneer or first organisms in this succession. The beech-maple forest would represent a typical Northern New York climax community. The climax community will last hundreds or thousands of years unless again disrupted. A forest containing oak and/or hickory trees would be a more typical Southern New York climax community.
Each step in a succession involves organisms that change the composition of the environment making it more suitable for the next succession of organisms that are well adapted to and become plentiful in the new environment.
27. Skip this one, you already know what succession is.
30. explain the competitive exclusion principle and list an example of this.
the competitive exclusion principle is a general rule that results from competition between species: the more similar the niches of two species, the more they will compete because they will consume mostly the same resources- this may lead to the extinction/exclusion of the less well adapted species because it is out-competed for the resources needed for survival. The alternative is that the out-competed species seeks a new habitat/different niche as a survival strategy.
36. monoculture is a general term for monocropping, which we discussed in the notes.
Human Impacts:
6. This is just a good example of how eliminating a natural predator can have negative effects on an ecosystem:
Before 1905, the deer on the Kaibab Plateau were estimated to number about 4000. The average carrying capacity of the range was then estimated to be about 30,000 deer. On November 28th, 1906, President Theodore Roosevelt created the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve to protect the "finest deer herd in America."
Unfortunately, by this time the Kaibab forest area had already been overgrazed by sheep, cattle, and horses. Most of the tall grasses had been eliminated. The first step to protect the deer was to ban all hunting. In addition, in 1907, The Forest Service tried to exterminate the predators of the deer. Between 1907 and 1939, 816 mountain lions, 20 wolves, 7388 coyotes and more than 500 bobcats were killed.
Signs that the deer population was out of control began to appear as early as 1920 - the range was beginning to deteriorate rapidly. The Forest Service reduced the number of livestock grazing permits. By 1923, the deer were reported to be on the verge of starvation and the range conditions were described as "deplorable."
The Kaibab Deer Investigating Committee recommended that all livestock not owned by local residents be removed immediately from the range and that the number of deer be cut in half as quickly as possible. Hunting was reopened, and during the fall of 1924, 675 deer were killed by hunters. However, these deer represented only one-tenth the number of deer that had been born that spring. Over the next two winters, it is estimated that 60,000 deer starved to death.
Today, the Arizona Game Commission carefully manages the Kaibab area with regulations geared to specific local needs. Hunting permits are issued to keep the deer in balance with their range. Predators are protected to help keep herds in balance with food supplies. Tragic winter losses can be checked by keeping the number of deer near the carrying capacity of the range.
12. just give examples of ANY exotic species in ANY part of the world, though the gypsy moth caterpillar has caused consideral damage to forests in NY.
27. State Environmental Quality Review, SEQR requires the approving governmental body to identify and mitigate the significant environmental impacts of any industrial or development activity it is proposing or permitting. Typically, the business and/or the government must do research and experimentation to develop an ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT/document about the consequences to the environment of the activity proposed.
29. You don't have to write seven different variations, two will be sufficient.
Check Blackboard for review book answer keys and many unit worksheets complete with answer keys! There area also three practice tests with answers posted!
Discussed some of the positive impacts that human societies have caused on ecosystems via ecological education and awareness, conservation of resources, nature preserves, anti-pollution laws, population checks, and more ecologically sound energy sources.
# posted by C @ 10:02 AM 
