SciHawks

AP Chem- note: there are additional practice Raoult's Law problems posted on Blackboard.
We did a couple more of the Raoult's Law molar mass problems, this time with a vastly simplified and easier to use formula. We can generalize about problems that ask for the molar mass of an unknown after they give you the grams of the unknown. The task then involves merely solving for the number of moles of the unknown.

We then discussed two types of Raoult's Law graphs: one plots vapor pressure vs. mole fraction of a two-component mixture and the other plots temperature/boiling points vs. mole fraction. The former graph shows the partial pressures of each component in the vapor phase given a particular mole fraction of each component in the liquid phase; the latter graphs shows the changing mole fractions as the vapor phase condenses and then is cooled to a new liquid mixture (as in a distillation column/apparatus) that has an increased mole fraction of the component that has weaker intermolecular forces. When this new mixture is vaporized and then condensed and cooled further, more separation of the two components of the mixture occurs.

We discussed metal-ligand complexes as forming from LEWIS acid-base reactions. The Lewis acid is the electron-pair ACCEPTOR i.e. the metal cation with the empty hybridized sp3d or sp3d2 orbitals ACCEPTS a lone pair of electrons from the ligand to form a coordinate covalent bond.
We will go over writing the descriptive chem answers and strategies for this type of reaction.
We will continue our transition metal lab writeup next double period.

Bio 6/7- Since we did not get to endocrine diseases/disorders, that objective will not be graded on tomorrow's hw.

We focused on a the adrenal glands and the pancreas, describing the endocrine/regulatory function of each. We then discussed THREE negative feedback loops that enable you to maintain homeostasis: the low blood glucose --> glucagon secretion via pancreatic cells --> increased blood glucose and glucagon --> negative feedback stopping of glucagon secretion

then, the high blood glucose --> insulin secretion via pancreatic cells --> decreased blood glucose and increased insulin --> negative feedback stopping of insulin secretion

finally, the low metabolic rate --> TRH secretion by the hypothalamus --> TSH secretion by the pituitary --> Thyroxin secretion by the thyroid --> increased metabolic rate and increased thyroxin level cause NEGATIVE feedback to pituitary AND hypothalamus, making them stop their secretion of TSH and TRH, respectively.

We attempted a paramecium intracellular digestion lab but there was a paucity of paramecia left in our supply jars. We will make up for that next time.

Bio 8- Since we did not get to endocrine diseases/disorders, that objective will not be graded on tomorrow's hw.

We focused on a the adrenal glands and the pancreas, describing the endocrine/regulatory function of each. We then discussed THREE negative feedback loops that enable you to maintain homeostasis: the low blood glucose --> glucagon secretion via pancreatic cells --> increased blood glucose and glucagon --> negative feedback stopping of glucagon secretion

then, the high blood glucose --> insulin secretion via pancreatic cells --> decreased blood glucose and increased insulin --> negative feedback stopping of insulin secretion

finally, the low metabolic rate --> TRH secretion by the hypothalamus --> TSH secretion by the pituitary --> Thyroxin secretion by the thyroid --> increased metabolic rate and increased thyroxin level cause NEGATIVE feedback to pituitary AND hypothalamus, making them stop their secretion of TSH and TRH, respectively.