Saturday, January 24, 2009
Fri-Day 1
AP Chem- the IMFA/Raoult test scores are now posted! Good job (but some molecular/electronic geometry errors after you all got those right last time...how??? review that please). Class average was 136 out of 150 or 91%...three-peat!
We discussed the remaining factors that can influence:
1. collision frequency
2. orientation of collisions (not all bond breakage will result in the formation of the specific STABLE main product of the given reaction)
3. force/KE of the collision
These factors are: temperature (which is the ONLY factor that simultaneously affects factors 1 AND 3!), surface area of a LIQUID or SOLID (you cannot increase the surface area of a gas- there is NO surface!), and the addition (or removal) of a catalyst (which is the ONLY factor that can affect the PERCENTAGE of collisions that have proper bond-breaking ORIENTATION).
We then discussed HOW rates of chemical reactions are measured and WHY the preferred measurement is in units of change in MOLARITY (rather than just moles) per second- this way the scientist can "sample" the reaction mixture without affecting the concentration even though s/he is affecting the remaining number of moles in the mixture.
We then saw how to write the RATE EXPRESSION for a given reaction based on the COEFFICIENTS of the reactants and products in a BALANCED equation. This way, when you measure the rate of DISAPPEARANCE of a given reactant, you automatically can calculate the rate of APPEARANCE of a given product based on the STOICHIOMETRY of the reaction. Also, you can determine the rate of reaction (PER MOLE OF REACTION!) given the rate of disappearance of any reactant OR the rate of appearance of any product.
I will post some practice problems on Blackboard for this weekend. DO THESE before Monday because we have a lot more and different material to cover in this unit.
Bio 6/7- We went through a complete example showing the key areas of carbon dioxide and oxygen diffusion/exchange between the blood and body tissue (alveolar/systemic/or coronary) cells.
we finished the circulatory system by discussing the "fluid" that is pumped through the vessels by the heart; that fluid is the blood, which is composed of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Blood is the connective tissue that links all parts of the body.
The red blood cells, which contain no nucleus, transport oxygen to body cells from the lungs and transport carbon dioxide from body cells to be excreted by the lungs.
There are several different specific white blood cells, but they all are involved in your immune system, helping your body to maintain homeostasis by preventing harmful substances, cells, or organisms from entering or affecting your body.
The platelets help to form blood clots to prevent bleeding from broken blood vessels; you have a CLOSED circulatory system so all of the blood is ENCLOSED within vessels that must remain free from holes or punctures to contain the blood; platelets aid in plugging up any breaches in these vessels.
The plasma contains dissolved and undissolved (mixed) enzymes, vitamins, minerals, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, hormones, nucleotides that are transported to the various cells of the body.
We discussed some of the common diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Hypertension, which is high blood pressure, can have many independent and cumulative causes such as stress, genetics/heredity, diet, and substance abuse.
Recall the first measurement of a blood pressure reading is the systolic (SQUEEZE) pressure (typically 100 to 150 mmHg) and the second measurement is the diastolic pressure (when the heart is "relaxed" as blood goes from the atria to the ventricles (not a high-force contraction).
We discussed two similar heart attack- causing conditions:
1. coronary thrombosis, in which a thrombus- a mass of cholesterol or a blood clot particle- attaches to some plaque on the inside of a coronary artery causing a blockage of the artery.
The red blood cells are then blocked from delivering oxygen to certain heart cells and a heart attack may ensue.
2. angina pectoris is the NARROWING of coronary arteries due to deposits of cholesterol or some other plaques on the inner walls of the arteries. This causes an insufficient number of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to certain heart muscle cells.
Other circulatory system disorders are HYPERTENSION (high blood pressure, which can be influenced by diet, genetics, and exercise) and hemophilia, the lack of a certain blood clotting factor (due to a mutant clotting factor allele in a person's chromosomes) can cause a person to internally bleed to death if blood vessels are cut or ruptured.
We finished our intracellular digestion lab writeup.
Bio 8- We went through a complete example showing the key areas of carbon dioxide and oxygen diffusion/exchange between the blood and body tissue (alveolar/systemic/or coronary) cells.
we finished the circulatory system by discussing the "fluid" that is pumped through the vessels by the heart; that fluid is the blood, which is composed of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Blood is the connective tissue that links all parts of the body.
The red blood cells, which contain no nucleus, transport oxygen to body cells from the lungs and transport carbon dioxide from body cells to be excreted by the lungs.
There are several different specific white blood cells, but they all are involved in your immune system, helping your body to maintain homeostasis by preventing harmful substances, cells, or organisms from entering or affecting your body.
The platelets help to form blood clots to prevent bleeding from broken blood vessels; you have a CLOSED circulatory system so all of the blood is ENCLOSED within vessels that must remain free from holes or punctures to contain the blood; platelets aid in plugging up any breaches in these vessels.
The plasma contains dissolved and undissolved (mixed) enzymes, vitamins, minerals, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, hormones, nucleotides that are transported to the various cells of the body.
We discussed some of the common diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Hypertension, which is high blood pressure, can have many independent and cumulative causes such as stress, genetics/heredity, diet, and substance abuse.
Recall the first measurement of a blood pressure reading is the systolic (SQUEEZE) pressure (typically 100 to 150 mmHg) and the second measurement is the diastolic pressure (when the heart is "relaxed" as blood goes from the atria to the ventricles (not a high-force contraction).
We discussed two similar heart attack- causing conditions:
1. coronary thrombosis, in which a thrombus- a mass of cholesterol or a blood clot particle- attaches to some plaque on the inside of a coronary artery causing a blockage of the artery.
The red blood cells are then blocked from delivering oxygen to certain heart cells and a heart attack may ensue.
2. angina pectoris is the NARROWING of coronary arteries due to deposits of cholesterol or some other plaques on the inner walls of the arteries. This causes an insufficient number of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to certain heart muscle cells.
We discussed the remaining factors that can influence:
1. collision frequency
2. orientation of collisions (not all bond breakage will result in the formation of the specific STABLE main product of the given reaction)
3. force/KE of the collision
These factors are: temperature (which is the ONLY factor that simultaneously affects factors 1 AND 3!), surface area of a LIQUID or SOLID (you cannot increase the surface area of a gas- there is NO surface!), and the addition (or removal) of a catalyst (which is the ONLY factor that can affect the PERCENTAGE of collisions that have proper bond-breaking ORIENTATION).
We then discussed HOW rates of chemical reactions are measured and WHY the preferred measurement is in units of change in MOLARITY (rather than just moles) per second- this way the scientist can "sample" the reaction mixture without affecting the concentration even though s/he is affecting the remaining number of moles in the mixture.
We then saw how to write the RATE EXPRESSION for a given reaction based on the COEFFICIENTS of the reactants and products in a BALANCED equation. This way, when you measure the rate of DISAPPEARANCE of a given reactant, you automatically can calculate the rate of APPEARANCE of a given product based on the STOICHIOMETRY of the reaction. Also, you can determine the rate of reaction (PER MOLE OF REACTION!) given the rate of disappearance of any reactant OR the rate of appearance of any product.
I will post some practice problems on Blackboard for this weekend. DO THESE before Monday because we have a lot more and different material to cover in this unit.
Bio 6/7- We went through a complete example showing the key areas of carbon dioxide and oxygen diffusion/exchange between the blood and body tissue (alveolar/systemic/or coronary) cells.
we finished the circulatory system by discussing the "fluid" that is pumped through the vessels by the heart; that fluid is the blood, which is composed of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Blood is the connective tissue that links all parts of the body.
The red blood cells, which contain no nucleus, transport oxygen to body cells from the lungs and transport carbon dioxide from body cells to be excreted by the lungs.
There are several different specific white blood cells, but they all are involved in your immune system, helping your body to maintain homeostasis by preventing harmful substances, cells, or organisms from entering or affecting your body.
The platelets help to form blood clots to prevent bleeding from broken blood vessels; you have a CLOSED circulatory system so all of the blood is ENCLOSED within vessels that must remain free from holes or punctures to contain the blood; platelets aid in plugging up any breaches in these vessels.
The plasma contains dissolved and undissolved (mixed) enzymes, vitamins, minerals, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, hormones, nucleotides that are transported to the various cells of the body.
We discussed some of the common diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Hypertension, which is high blood pressure, can have many independent and cumulative causes such as stress, genetics/heredity, diet, and substance abuse.
Recall the first measurement of a blood pressure reading is the systolic (SQUEEZE) pressure (typically 100 to 150 mmHg) and the second measurement is the diastolic pressure (when the heart is "relaxed" as blood goes from the atria to the ventricles (not a high-force contraction).
We discussed two similar heart attack- causing conditions:
1. coronary thrombosis, in which a thrombus- a mass of cholesterol or a blood clot particle- attaches to some plaque on the inside of a coronary artery causing a blockage of the artery.
The red blood cells are then blocked from delivering oxygen to certain heart cells and a heart attack may ensue.
2. angina pectoris is the NARROWING of coronary arteries due to deposits of cholesterol or some other plaques on the inner walls of the arteries. This causes an insufficient number of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to certain heart muscle cells.
Other circulatory system disorders are HYPERTENSION (high blood pressure, which can be influenced by diet, genetics, and exercise) and hemophilia, the lack of a certain blood clotting factor (due to a mutant clotting factor allele in a person's chromosomes) can cause a person to internally bleed to death if blood vessels are cut or ruptured.
We finished our intracellular digestion lab writeup.
Bio 8- We went through a complete example showing the key areas of carbon dioxide and oxygen diffusion/exchange between the blood and body tissue (alveolar/systemic/or coronary) cells.
we finished the circulatory system by discussing the "fluid" that is pumped through the vessels by the heart; that fluid is the blood, which is composed of red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. Blood is the connective tissue that links all parts of the body.
The red blood cells, which contain no nucleus, transport oxygen to body cells from the lungs and transport carbon dioxide from body cells to be excreted by the lungs.
There are several different specific white blood cells, but they all are involved in your immune system, helping your body to maintain homeostasis by preventing harmful substances, cells, or organisms from entering or affecting your body.
The platelets help to form blood clots to prevent bleeding from broken blood vessels; you have a CLOSED circulatory system so all of the blood is ENCLOSED within vessels that must remain free from holes or punctures to contain the blood; platelets aid in plugging up any breaches in these vessels.
The plasma contains dissolved and undissolved (mixed) enzymes, vitamins, minerals, sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, hormones, nucleotides that are transported to the various cells of the body.
We discussed some of the common diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Hypertension, which is high blood pressure, can have many independent and cumulative causes such as stress, genetics/heredity, diet, and substance abuse.
Recall the first measurement of a blood pressure reading is the systolic (SQUEEZE) pressure (typically 100 to 150 mmHg) and the second measurement is the diastolic pressure (when the heart is "relaxed" as blood goes from the atria to the ventricles (not a high-force contraction).
We discussed two similar heart attack- causing conditions:
1. coronary thrombosis, in which a thrombus- a mass of cholesterol or a blood clot particle- attaches to some plaque on the inside of a coronary artery causing a blockage of the artery.
The red blood cells are then blocked from delivering oxygen to certain heart cells and a heart attack may ensue.
2. angina pectoris is the NARROWING of coronary arteries due to deposits of cholesterol or some other plaques on the inner walls of the arteries. This causes an insufficient number of red blood cells to deliver oxygen to certain heart muscle cells.
# posted by C @ 10:17 AM 
