Friday, September 26, 2008
Fri-Day 1- Pep Rally
AP Chem- from your Chapter 7 HW, you now should be able to do questions 61, 62, and 68.
Even with our abbreviated periods, we made good strides today in understanding the real HOW and WHY of atomic electronic structure. No longer will we just say,"two electrons per orbital" or "2s is lower in energy than 2p" but we can now explain WHY these facts are so. As promised, everything has to do with degrees of attraction and repulsion (and wave INTERFERENCE!), though we now use "fancier" words like "shielding" and "penetration".
We saw the Aufbau Principle in practice as we assembled the ground state ORBITAL DIAGRAMS ("the boxes with the arrows") and ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS (just principal quantum number with the sublevel "letter" and the total number of electrons in each energy sublevel) for each of the elements. On Monday, we will see and EXPLAIN two important exceptions to the Aufbau Principle. In assembling the orbital diagrams, we looked to experimental evidence and logical explanations involving electron-electron repulsion to come up with the Pauli Exclusion Principle (two OPPOSITE spin electrons MAXIMUM per ORBITAL=single region of space also known as "no two electrons in an atom can have the SAME FOUR quantum numbers") and Hund's Rule (maximize parallel spins of electrons in degenerate orbitals!).
Bio 6/7- Study thoroughly this Homecoming Weekend (but take time to enjoy the game and carnival, weather permitting). I've posted the answers to the objectives that were not graded for HW.
We discussed the reason for the practically infinite number and variety of types of proteins due to the differing number and sequences of up to 20 different amino acids that make up a protein/polypeptide chain. We also looked at coenzymes (typically vitamins) that activate enzymes by binding to them and changing their active site so that it fits with its substrate.
We discussed the other two factors that affect enzyme activity/rate:
the concentration of an enzyme (given a limited quantity of substrate) and the concentration of substrate (given a limited quantity of enzyme). We saw in both graphs that there is a "SATURATION" point or limit to how high the enzyme activity can be; that is, when all of the enzyme (or substrate) are occupied/catalyzing the reaction, adding even MORE enzyme (or substrate) cannot increase the activity any further because the added substance is in excess.
We then did a lab showing the relative acidity or basicity of substances as shown/seen by using acid/base INDICATORS. We also demonstrated the denaturing effect of acid, base, and high temperature on the catalase enzyme in liver cells.
Bio 8 -Study thoroughly this Homecoming Weekend (but take time to enjoy the game and carnival, weather permitting). I've posted the answers to the objectives that were not graded for HW.
We discussed the reason for the practically infinite number and variety of types of proteins due to the differing number and sequences of up to 20 different amino acids that make up a protein/polypeptide chain. We also looked at coenzymes (typically vitamins) that activate enzymes by binding to them and changing their active site so that it fits with its substrate.
We discussed the other two factors that affect enzyme activity/rate:
the concentration of an enzyme (given a limited quantity of substrate) and the concentration of substrate (given a limited quantity of enzyme). We saw in both graphs that there is a "SATURATION" point or limit to how high the enzyme activity can be; that is, when all of the enzyme (or substrate) are occupied/catalyzing the reaction, adding even MORE enzyme (or substrate) cannot increase the activity any further because the added substance is in excess.
We then did a lab showing the relative acidity or basicity of substances as shown/seen by using acid/base INDICATORS.
Even with our abbreviated periods, we made good strides today in understanding the real HOW and WHY of atomic electronic structure. No longer will we just say,"two electrons per orbital" or "2s is lower in energy than 2p" but we can now explain WHY these facts are so. As promised, everything has to do with degrees of attraction and repulsion (and wave INTERFERENCE!), though we now use "fancier" words like "shielding" and "penetration".
We saw the Aufbau Principle in practice as we assembled the ground state ORBITAL DIAGRAMS ("the boxes with the arrows") and ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS (just principal quantum number with the sublevel "letter" and the total number of electrons in each energy sublevel) for each of the elements. On Monday, we will see and EXPLAIN two important exceptions to the Aufbau Principle. In assembling the orbital diagrams, we looked to experimental evidence and logical explanations involving electron-electron repulsion to come up with the Pauli Exclusion Principle (two OPPOSITE spin electrons MAXIMUM per ORBITAL=single region of space also known as "no two electrons in an atom can have the SAME FOUR quantum numbers") and Hund's Rule (maximize parallel spins of electrons in degenerate orbitals!).
Bio 6/7- Study thoroughly this Homecoming Weekend (but take time to enjoy the game and carnival, weather permitting). I've posted the answers to the objectives that were not graded for HW.
We discussed the reason for the practically infinite number and variety of types of proteins due to the differing number and sequences of up to 20 different amino acids that make up a protein/polypeptide chain. We also looked at coenzymes (typically vitamins) that activate enzymes by binding to them and changing their active site so that it fits with its substrate.
We discussed the other two factors that affect enzyme activity/rate:
the concentration of an enzyme (given a limited quantity of substrate) and the concentration of substrate (given a limited quantity of enzyme). We saw in both graphs that there is a "SATURATION" point or limit to how high the enzyme activity can be; that is, when all of the enzyme (or substrate) are occupied/catalyzing the reaction, adding even MORE enzyme (or substrate) cannot increase the activity any further because the added substance is in excess.
We then did a lab showing the relative acidity or basicity of substances as shown/seen by using acid/base INDICATORS. We also demonstrated the denaturing effect of acid, base, and high temperature on the catalase enzyme in liver cells.
Bio 8 -Study thoroughly this Homecoming Weekend (but take time to enjoy the game and carnival, weather permitting). I've posted the answers to the objectives that were not graded for HW.
We discussed the reason for the practically infinite number and variety of types of proteins due to the differing number and sequences of up to 20 different amino acids that make up a protein/polypeptide chain. We also looked at coenzymes (typically vitamins) that activate enzymes by binding to them and changing their active site so that it fits with its substrate.
We discussed the other two factors that affect enzyme activity/rate:
the concentration of an enzyme (given a limited quantity of substrate) and the concentration of substrate (given a limited quantity of enzyme). We saw in both graphs that there is a "SATURATION" point or limit to how high the enzyme activity can be; that is, when all of the enzyme (or substrate) are occupied/catalyzing the reaction, adding even MORE enzyme (or substrate) cannot increase the activity any further because the added substance is in excess.
We then did a lab showing the relative acidity or basicity of substances as shown/seen by using acid/base INDICATORS.
# posted by C @ 1:49 PM 
