Monday, May 5, 2008
Mon-Day 1
Bio- EXTRA HELP REVIEW for Wednesday's EVOLUTION EXAM will be at the usual TUESDAY morning session in Room 301 from about 8:10AM to 8:55 AM; bring your review books to that session; remember, teachers have a meeting on Wednesday morning so you won't be able to get last minute help on Wednesday.
As discussed in class, unit HW is due on Wednesday; either outline sections 15.1 and 15.2 OR answer the section review questions on pages 418 and 419 - for CREDIT, accurate and detailed answers are required; use COMPLETE sentences and paragraphs for any written response answers; you MAY skip question 13.
We discussed the two competing hypotheses that account for/explain the rate of evolution.
GRADUALISM explains that newer species evolve from common ancestor species very slowly, with small changes in genotype and phenotype over long periods of time. The mechanism for this would be a combination of mutation, genetic recombination (sexual reproduction), and genetic drift.
However, the FOSSIL RECORD doesn't always contain fossils that show such slow, gradual change with tiny differences in phenotypes between ancestor and descendant (newer) species.
Thus, an alternative hypothesis, PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM, was introduced to explain the relatively large changes in the fossil record over relatively brief (only a million years or so) period of time. PE explains that, when there has been a drastic change in the environment, there can be drastic changes in the selecting agents so that the favored varieties/best adapted members of a population change rapidly. This can lead to more rapid speciation. The weakness of PE is that it cannot provide a complete mechanism for the rapid speciation given that the rate of non-harmful or non-lethal mutation is slow for most species.
Chem 7- we discussed other acid and base characteristics: they are both electrolytes (the SIX strong acids are strong electrolytes and the EIGHT strong bases are strong electrolytes) and they react with each other to form a salt and water.
We learned how to name acids: there are ONLY seven BINARY acids and each name begins with "HYDRO" followed by the one or two syllable root of the element and then "-IC ACID"; for example HCl is HYDRO-CHLOR-IC ACID.
For ternary acids, if the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ATE", change the "ATE" to "-IC ACID" and that's IT! For example, NO3 - is nitrATE, so HNO3 is nitrIC acid.
IF the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ITE", change the "ITE" to "-OUS ACID" and that's it! For example, NO2- is nitrITE, so HNO2 is nitrOUS acid !!!
Chem 8/9- we covered some more characteristics of bases i.e. litmus from red to blue and then we discussed a common characteristic of both acids and bases: they are both electrolytes (the SIX strong acids are strong electrolytes and the EIGHT strong bases are strong electrolytes).
We learned how to name acids: there are ONLY seven BINARY acids and each name begins with "HYDRO" followed by the one or two syllable root of the element and then "-IC ACID"; for example HCl is HYDRO-CHLOR-IC ACID.
For ternary acids, if the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ATE", change the "ATE" to "-IC ACID" and that's IT! For example, NO3 - is nitrATE, so HNO3 is nitrIC acid.
IF the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ITE", change the "ITE" to "-OUS ACID" and that's it! For example, NO2- is nitrITE, so HNO2 is nitrOUS acid !!!
We then discussed our precipitate lab and wrote out the net ionic reactions that occurred.
As discussed in class, unit HW is due on Wednesday; either outline sections 15.1 and 15.2 OR answer the section review questions on pages 418 and 419 - for CREDIT, accurate and detailed answers are required; use COMPLETE sentences and paragraphs for any written response answers; you MAY skip question 13.
We discussed the two competing hypotheses that account for/explain the rate of evolution.
GRADUALISM explains that newer species evolve from common ancestor species very slowly, with small changes in genotype and phenotype over long periods of time. The mechanism for this would be a combination of mutation, genetic recombination (sexual reproduction), and genetic drift.
However, the FOSSIL RECORD doesn't always contain fossils that show such slow, gradual change with tiny differences in phenotypes between ancestor and descendant (newer) species.
Thus, an alternative hypothesis, PUNCTUATED EQUILIBRIUM, was introduced to explain the relatively large changes in the fossil record over relatively brief (only a million years or so) period of time. PE explains that, when there has been a drastic change in the environment, there can be drastic changes in the selecting agents so that the favored varieties/best adapted members of a population change rapidly. This can lead to more rapid speciation. The weakness of PE is that it cannot provide a complete mechanism for the rapid speciation given that the rate of non-harmful or non-lethal mutation is slow for most species.
Chem 7- we discussed other acid and base characteristics: they are both electrolytes (the SIX strong acids are strong electrolytes and the EIGHT strong bases are strong electrolytes) and they react with each other to form a salt and water.
We learned how to name acids: there are ONLY seven BINARY acids and each name begins with "HYDRO" followed by the one or two syllable root of the element and then "-IC ACID"; for example HCl is HYDRO-CHLOR-IC ACID.
For ternary acids, if the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ATE", change the "ATE" to "-IC ACID" and that's IT! For example, NO3 - is nitrATE, so HNO3 is nitrIC acid.
IF the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ITE", change the "ITE" to "-OUS ACID" and that's it! For example, NO2- is nitrITE, so HNO2 is nitrOUS acid !!!
Chem 8/9- we covered some more characteristics of bases i.e. litmus from red to blue and then we discussed a common characteristic of both acids and bases: they are both electrolytes (the SIX strong acids are strong electrolytes and the EIGHT strong bases are strong electrolytes).
We learned how to name acids: there are ONLY seven BINARY acids and each name begins with "HYDRO" followed by the one or two syllable root of the element and then "-IC ACID"; for example HCl is HYDRO-CHLOR-IC ACID.
For ternary acids, if the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ATE", change the "ATE" to "-IC ACID" and that's IT! For example, NO3 - is nitrATE, so HNO3 is nitrIC acid.
IF the polyatomic ion formed from the acid ends in "ITE", change the "ITE" to "-OUS ACID" and that's it! For example, NO2- is nitrITE, so HNO2 is nitrOUS acid !!!
We then discussed our precipitate lab and wrote out the net ionic reactions that occurred.
# posted by C @ 2:04 PM 
