Thursday, December 6, 2007
Thurs-Day 1
Bio- I will post the test objective questions for Monday's exam on Blackboard tonight.
Today, we finished our big picture of photosynthesis and cellular respiration by focusing on the part of aerobic respiration that occurs in the mitochondria: the Krebs cycle, which takes the
acetyl co-A (2C) made from the pyruvic acid (3C) that was transported into the MITOCHONDRIA via active transport. The Krebs Cycle further breaks down the acetyl co-A to CO2 and forms more H-carrying molecules, like NADH, which ultimately donate the H to Oxygen in the last part of aerobic respiration, the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC). So during the ETC, H2O is formed from the oxygen and H (from NADH) and a LOT of ATP is formed in the process.
Overall, aerobic respiration yields a NET of 36 ATP formed per one glucose molecule respired.
If you practice drawing out (many times) our "big picture" including all or the organelles and chemical reactions therein, you will have a GREAT and comprehensive reference that you can draw out during the exam and from which you will locate most of the answers.
Make sure that you see that the products of respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis and vice-versa. Also, photosynthesis is a (sunlight) energy-REQUIRING process whereas respiration is an energy-RELEASING/PRODUCING process (36 ATP aerobically, 2 ATP via anaerobic respiration/fermentation.
Speaking of fermentation, here are two video links, one to alcoholic fermentation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbKQfzutmf4&feature=related
and one showing both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation:
http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch06/fermentation.html
We then explained our cellular respiration rate lab in detail, going over what happened during each step and getting the purpose of each step.
We identified the independent variable (the amount of exercise), the dependent variable (the acidity of the aqueous solution from the carbon dioxide that was breathed out), and the control group (the flask with just tap water and carbon dioxide from the air).
We showed that, the greater the energy needed for exercise, the greater the rate of respiration needed to supply the ATP for any muscle contractions, increased heart rate, etc, and therefore, the greater quantity of products of respiration, CO2 and water vapor, breathed out.
Tomorrow, we will review for Monday's important exam.
Chem 7- we started our new unit: the Periodic Table and Periodic Trends (Periodicity).
We noted the various names and meanings of the chemical symbols of the elements. We noted the IUPAC naming system for as yet unnamed elements- the system uses a prefix for each digit in the atomic number, e.g. element 113 is "ununtrium or ununtri-ium" and element 115 is "ununpentium". We then discussed the PERIODIC LAW, which are the repeated typical trends in various properties (atomic size, ionization energy, etc.) that occur as elements are considered across a Period or down a Group/Family. The PERIODIC LAW emerges ONLY when the following two criteria are used to assemble the periodic table:
1. The elements are arranged in order of atomic number/# of protons
2. A new Period (row) begins each time an electron is placed into the next highest PRINCIPAL ENERGY LEVEL.
With this arrangement, elements within a given group/family (column) tend to have similar CHEMICAL properties, which is very useful in predicting chemical reactions.
We also notice, for example, that atomic size/radius decreases across each period (from left to right) and atomic size increases down a group.
The net attraction between the nucleus and the various electrons of an atom will determine its various properties. This will allow us to EXPLAIN all of the various periodic trends of the PERIODIC LAW.
Check out this guy's site. This chem-nut CARVED a wooden periodic table and his site has great info/videos on each element.
Chem 8/9- we started our new unit: the Periodic Table and Periodic Trends (Periodicity).
We noted the various names and meanings of the chemical symbols of the elements. We noted the IUPAC naming system for as yet unnamed elements- the system uses a prefix for each digit in the atomic number, e.g. element 113 is "ununtrium or ununtri-ium" and element 115 is "ununpentium". We then discussed the PERIODIC LAW, which are the repeated typical trends in various properties (atomic size, ionization energy, etc.) that occur as elements are considered across a Period or down a Group/Family. The PERIODIC LAW emerges ONLY when the following two criteria are used to assemble the periodic table:
1. The elements are arranged in order of atomic number/# of protons
2. A new Period (row) begins each time an electron is placed into the next highest PRINCIPAL ENERGY LEVEL.
With this arrangement, elements within a given group/family (column) tend to have similar CHEMICAL properties, which is very useful in predicting chemical reactions.
We also notice, for example, that atomic size/radius decreases across each period (from left to right) and atomic size increases down a group.
The net attraction between the nucleus and the various electrons of an atom will determine its various properties. This will allow us to EXPLAIN all of the various periodic trends of the PERIODIC LAW.
We then took a tour of the Periodic Table and noted that most of the elements are METALS. Metals are the elements to the LEFT of the "stairway" on the Periodic Table.
Group I metals are called alkalI metals (mnemonic = I is Roman numeral "one") and Group II metals are called alkaline earth (mnemonic = group II, TWO words, alkaline earth). Both of these groups of metals form alkaline (basic) aqueous solutions when those metals react with water.
Group 17 is the HALOGENS ("salt formers"). At room temperature and standard pressure, Fluorine and Chlorine are gases, Bromine is a liquid, and Iodine is a solid.
Group 18 is the Noble or Inert Gases, which have the most stable valence electron configurations- a complete "octet" of eight valence electrons, filled s AND p sublevels (except for He which has just a filled 1s sublevel).
We finished our emission spectrum/flame test write-up and then did a Periodic Table lab activity, identifying the various groups and activities of elements.
Check out this guy's site. This chem-nut CARVED a wooden periodic table and his site has great info/videos on each element.
Today, we finished our big picture of photosynthesis and cellular respiration by focusing on the part of aerobic respiration that occurs in the mitochondria: the Krebs cycle, which takes the
acetyl co-A (2C) made from the pyruvic acid (3C) that was transported into the MITOCHONDRIA via active transport. The Krebs Cycle further breaks down the acetyl co-A to CO2 and forms more H-carrying molecules, like NADH, which ultimately donate the H to Oxygen in the last part of aerobic respiration, the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC). So during the ETC, H2O is formed from the oxygen and H (from NADH) and a LOT of ATP is formed in the process.
Overall, aerobic respiration yields a NET of 36 ATP formed per one glucose molecule respired.
If you practice drawing out (many times) our "big picture" including all or the organelles and chemical reactions therein, you will have a GREAT and comprehensive reference that you can draw out during the exam and from which you will locate most of the answers.
Make sure that you see that the products of respiration are the reactants of photosynthesis and vice-versa. Also, photosynthesis is a (sunlight) energy-REQUIRING process whereas respiration is an energy-RELEASING/PRODUCING process (36 ATP aerobically, 2 ATP via anaerobic respiration/fermentation.
Speaking of fermentation, here are two video links, one to alcoholic fermentation
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbKQfzutmf4&feature=related
and one showing both lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation:
http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/media/ch06/fermentation.html
We then explained our cellular respiration rate lab in detail, going over what happened during each step and getting the purpose of each step.
We identified the independent variable (the amount of exercise), the dependent variable (the acidity of the aqueous solution from the carbon dioxide that was breathed out), and the control group (the flask with just tap water and carbon dioxide from the air).
We showed that, the greater the energy needed for exercise, the greater the rate of respiration needed to supply the ATP for any muscle contractions, increased heart rate, etc, and therefore, the greater quantity of products of respiration, CO2 and water vapor, breathed out.
Tomorrow, we will review for Monday's important exam.
Chem 7- we started our new unit: the Periodic Table and Periodic Trends (Periodicity).
We noted the various names and meanings of the chemical symbols of the elements. We noted the IUPAC naming system for as yet unnamed elements- the system uses a prefix for each digit in the atomic number, e.g. element 113 is "ununtrium or ununtri-ium" and element 115 is "ununpentium". We then discussed the PERIODIC LAW, which are the repeated typical trends in various properties (atomic size, ionization energy, etc.) that occur as elements are considered across a Period or down a Group/Family. The PERIODIC LAW emerges ONLY when the following two criteria are used to assemble the periodic table:
1. The elements are arranged in order of atomic number/# of protons
2. A new Period (row) begins each time an electron is placed into the next highest PRINCIPAL ENERGY LEVEL.
With this arrangement, elements within a given group/family (column) tend to have similar CHEMICAL properties, which is very useful in predicting chemical reactions.
We also notice, for example, that atomic size/radius decreases across each period (from left to right) and atomic size increases down a group.
The net attraction between the nucleus and the various electrons of an atom will determine its various properties. This will allow us to EXPLAIN all of the various periodic trends of the PERIODIC LAW.
Check out this guy's site. This chem-nut CARVED a wooden periodic table and his site has great info/videos on each element.
Chem 8/9- we started our new unit: the Periodic Table and Periodic Trends (Periodicity).
We noted the various names and meanings of the chemical symbols of the elements. We noted the IUPAC naming system for as yet unnamed elements- the system uses a prefix for each digit in the atomic number, e.g. element 113 is "ununtrium or ununtri-ium" and element 115 is "ununpentium". We then discussed the PERIODIC LAW, which are the repeated typical trends in various properties (atomic size, ionization energy, etc.) that occur as elements are considered across a Period or down a Group/Family. The PERIODIC LAW emerges ONLY when the following two criteria are used to assemble the periodic table:
1. The elements are arranged in order of atomic number/# of protons
2. A new Period (row) begins each time an electron is placed into the next highest PRINCIPAL ENERGY LEVEL.
With this arrangement, elements within a given group/family (column) tend to have similar CHEMICAL properties, which is very useful in predicting chemical reactions.
We also notice, for example, that atomic size/radius decreases across each period (from left to right) and atomic size increases down a group.
The net attraction between the nucleus and the various electrons of an atom will determine its various properties. This will allow us to EXPLAIN all of the various periodic trends of the PERIODIC LAW.
We then took a tour of the Periodic Table and noted that most of the elements are METALS. Metals are the elements to the LEFT of the "stairway" on the Periodic Table.
Group I metals are called alkalI metals (mnemonic = I is Roman numeral "one") and Group II metals are called alkaline earth (mnemonic = group II, TWO words, alkaline earth). Both of these groups of metals form alkaline (basic) aqueous solutions when those metals react with water.
Group 17 is the HALOGENS ("salt formers"). At room temperature and standard pressure, Fluorine and Chlorine are gases, Bromine is a liquid, and Iodine is a solid.
Group 18 is the Noble or Inert Gases, which have the most stable valence electron configurations- a complete "octet" of eight valence electrons, filled s AND p sublevels (except for He which has just a filled 1s sublevel).
We finished our emission spectrum/flame test write-up and then did a Periodic Table lab activity, identifying the various groups and activities of elements.
Check out this guy's site. This chem-nut CARVED a wooden periodic table and his site has great info/videos on each element.
# posted by C @ 1:14 PM 
