Monday, December 3, 2007
Mon-Day 2
Bio -we finished our section on Photosynthesis and Plant Leaf Anatomy and Function; we noted that guard cells form and sometimes close the stomates on the lower epidermis of a leaf in order to regulate TRANSPIRATION, the loss of water from the leaf. Water mainly enters most plants through their ROOTS and the water molecules, via cohesion to each other and adhesion to the xylem tissue, are pulled up the stem and to the leaves; this process is called TRANSPIRATIONAL PULL.
We took a mini-quiz to check our test skills and to make some inferences from the information that we have seen so far.
We then revisited the energy RELEASING process of cellular respiration in which the chemical potential energy that is stored in the bonds of glucose is extracted and transferred to molecules of ATP, which are ultimately used for their stored chemical energy whenever an energy-requiring life process occurs in an organism.
We noted the two main types of cellular respiration, AEROBIC (uses oxygen) RESPIRATION and ANAEROBIC (no oxygen used) RESPIRATION.
A LOT more ATP can be made via the aerobic pathway (36 ATP per molecule of glucose broken down) compared to the amount of ATP that can be made via anaerobic respiration/FERMENTATION (only 2 ATP per glucose molecule broken down).
We discussed the two types of fermentation: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation.
Depending on an organism's genes that code for particular fermentation enzymes, a given organism may ferment glucose to pyruvic acid to alcohol/ethanol and CO2
OR
an organism may ferment glucose to pyruvic acid to lactic acid. Humans carry out anaerobic lactic acid fermentation in the cytoplasm of their cells whenever their is insufficient oxygen to meet the energy demands of the cells i.e. during strenuous exercise. This lactic acid production produces the "feel the burn" sensation in muscle cells.
Chem 7/8- we practiced the various ways of keeping track of the energy and relative locations of electrons in an atom. We did the Bohr electron configurations, the QM electron configuration (with s,p,d,and f sublevels of electron energy), Orbital Diagrams, and the all-important Lewis Dot Structures.
We noted the mathematical relationship between principal energy level number, n, and the number of sublevels in a given PEL, the total number of orbitals in the PEL, and the maximum number of electrons that could occupy a given PEL.
We also noted the "blocks" of elements on the Periodic Table along which particular sublevels are filled with electrons e.g. Groups 1 and 2 are the "s" block and Groups 13 - 18 are the "p" block. Knowing these blocks makes it easier to write the correct QM electron configuration for an element.
Tomorrow, we will practice for our exam and talk a bit about nuclear emanations that come from radioactive isotopes.
Chem 9- we practiced the various ways of keeping track of the energy and relative locations of electrons in an atom. We did the Bohr electron configurations, the QM electron configuration (with s,p,d,and f sublevels of electron energy), Orbital Diagrams, and the all-important Lewis Dot Structures.
We noted the mathematical relationship between principal energy level number, n, and the number of sublevels in a given PEL, the total number of orbitals in the PEL, and the maximum number of electrons that could occupy a given PEL.
We also noted the "blocks" of elements on the Periodic Table along which particular sublevels are filled with electrons e.g. Groups 1 and 2 are the "s" block and Groups 13 - 18 are the "p" block. Knowing these blocks makes it easier to write the correct QM electron configuration for an element.
Tomorrow, we will practice for our exam, write up our flame test and emission spectra lab, and talk a bit about nuclear emanations that come from radioactive isotopes.
We took a mini-quiz to check our test skills and to make some inferences from the information that we have seen so far.
We then revisited the energy RELEASING process of cellular respiration in which the chemical potential energy that is stored in the bonds of glucose is extracted and transferred to molecules of ATP, which are ultimately used for their stored chemical energy whenever an energy-requiring life process occurs in an organism.
We noted the two main types of cellular respiration, AEROBIC (uses oxygen) RESPIRATION and ANAEROBIC (no oxygen used) RESPIRATION.
A LOT more ATP can be made via the aerobic pathway (36 ATP per molecule of glucose broken down) compared to the amount of ATP that can be made via anaerobic respiration/FERMENTATION (only 2 ATP per glucose molecule broken down).
We discussed the two types of fermentation: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation.
Depending on an organism's genes that code for particular fermentation enzymes, a given organism may ferment glucose to pyruvic acid to alcohol/ethanol and CO2
OR
an organism may ferment glucose to pyruvic acid to lactic acid. Humans carry out anaerobic lactic acid fermentation in the cytoplasm of their cells whenever their is insufficient oxygen to meet the energy demands of the cells i.e. during strenuous exercise. This lactic acid production produces the "feel the burn" sensation in muscle cells.
Chem 7/8- we practiced the various ways of keeping track of the energy and relative locations of electrons in an atom. We did the Bohr electron configurations, the QM electron configuration (with s,p,d,and f sublevels of electron energy), Orbital Diagrams, and the all-important Lewis Dot Structures.
We noted the mathematical relationship between principal energy level number, n, and the number of sublevels in a given PEL, the total number of orbitals in the PEL, and the maximum number of electrons that could occupy a given PEL.
We also noted the "blocks" of elements on the Periodic Table along which particular sublevels are filled with electrons e.g. Groups 1 and 2 are the "s" block and Groups 13 - 18 are the "p" block. Knowing these blocks makes it easier to write the correct QM electron configuration for an element.
Tomorrow, we will practice for our exam and talk a bit about nuclear emanations that come from radioactive isotopes.
Chem 9- we practiced the various ways of keeping track of the energy and relative locations of electrons in an atom. We did the Bohr electron configurations, the QM electron configuration (with s,p,d,and f sublevels of electron energy), Orbital Diagrams, and the all-important Lewis Dot Structures.
We noted the mathematical relationship between principal energy level number, n, and the number of sublevels in a given PEL, the total number of orbitals in the PEL, and the maximum number of electrons that could occupy a given PEL.
We also noted the "blocks" of elements on the Periodic Table along which particular sublevels are filled with electrons e.g. Groups 1 and 2 are the "s" block and Groups 13 - 18 are the "p" block. Knowing these blocks makes it easier to write the correct QM electron configuration for an element.
Tomorrow, we will practice for our exam, write up our flame test and emission spectra lab, and talk a bit about nuclear emanations that come from radioactive isotopes.
# posted by C @ 3:40 PM 
